While gasoline and diesel still rule the fossil fuel game, alternative fuels are beginning to swing the scale towards more environment-friendly and energy-efficient fuel sources as more people become more economically wise and ecologically conscious. Such interest in alternative fuels comes from the realization that these alternative energy resources produce lower vehicle emissions, thus helping reduce pollution and prevent global warming and the fact that these alternative fuels are much more sustainable as they are not dependent upon finite fossil fuel resources. Alternative fuels also increase the potential of nations to become energy-independent.
The US Energy Policy Act of 1992 lists eight notable alternative fuels, although some are still in their experimental stages. This includes:
- Ethanol – Alcohol based alternative fuel produced by fermenting and distilling crops like barley, corn, or wheat. Ethanol can be combined with gasoline in order to increase octane levels and reduce emissions.
- Natural Gas – A clean-burning alternative fuel that produce way less harmful emissions than diesel or gasoline. However, natural gas isn’t as readily and widely available.
- Electricity – Electrical power can be used to run battery-operated electric and fuel cell vehicles, offering a highly efficient power source for transportation. However, since much of the electricity generated today is produced from coal or natural gas, it leaves a bad carbon footprint.
- Hydrogen – Mixed with natural gas, hydrogen can be an efficient alternative fuel for vehicles with modified internal combustion engines.
- Biodiesel – An alternative fuel based on animal fats or vegetable oils, including recycled oils used for cooking. It is a safe and biodegradable alternative that reduces air pollutants from vehicle emissions.
- Methanol – Otherwise known as wood alcohol, this alternative fuel is used in flexible fuel vehicles designed to run on M85 (85% methanol and 15% gasoline blend).
- P-Series fuels – Blend of natural gas liquids, ethanol, and methyltetrahydrofuran, producing high-octane alternative fuels ideal for flexible fuel vehicles.
- Propane – Considered the best alternative fuel, propane or liquefied petroleum gas is a byproduct of crude oil refining and natural gas processing. It is one of the most widely explored alternative fuels that find it in many daily applications, ranging from cooking, heating, and even in transportation.